Fazendo política no Twitter: como os efeitos estimados das mensagens influenciam as ações e os usos da plataforma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21878/compolitica.2018.8.1.141Palavras-chave:
efeito de terceira pessoa, comunicação política, twitterResumo
Há algum tempo o Twitter atrai a atenção de pesquisadores da comunicação política, especialmente em relação as motivações de usos e gratificações obtidas. Entretanto, pouca atenção foi dada ao exame do efeito percebido nos usuários. Este artigo aplica a hipótese do efeito de terceira pessoa ao contexto do Twitter. A hipótese principal é que os entrevistados vão subestimar o efeito das mensagens políticas em si e superestimá-lo nos outros. A plataforma foi eleita devido à utilização nas eleições e por suas características únicas. A aferição empírica foi feita por meio de uma survey com usuários da plataforma, recrutados com solicitação direta e técnica snowball, entrevistados no período pós-eleitoral de 2012, resultando em 142 respostas. A hipótese principal foi confirmada e ofereceu novas descobertas para o estudo da comunicação política naquele ambiente.Referências
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SAYED, N. Towards the egyptian revolution : activists ’ perceptions of social media for mobilization. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, v. 4, n. 2+3, p. 273-298, 2011.
SCHARRER, Erica. Third-person perception and television violence: the role of out-group stereotyping in perceptions of susceptibility to effects. Communication Research, v. 29, n. 6, p. 681-704, 2002.
SCHMIERBACH, M. et al. Understanding Person Perceptions: Comparing Four Common Statistical Approaches to Third-Person Research. Mass Communication and Society, v. 11, n. 4, p. 492-513, 2008.
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TUMASJAN, A. et al. Predicting Elections with Twitter: What 140 Characters Reveal about Political Sentiment. ICWSM, v. 10, p. 178-185, 2010.
TUFEKCI, Z.; WILSON, C. Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square. Journal of Communication, v. 62, p. 363-379, 2012.
WILLIAMS, C.; GULATI, G. What is a Social Network Worth? Facebook and Vote Share in the 2008 Presidential Primaries. In: Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, 2008.
WRIGHT, S. Politics as usual? Revolution, normalization and a new agenda for online deliberation. New Media & Society, 2012, v. 14, n. 2, p. 244-26.
ANCU, M.; COZMA, R. MySpace Politics: Uses and Gratifications of Befriending Candidates. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 2009, v. 53, n. 4, p. 567-583.
ANDSAGER, J.L. et al. Perceived similarity of exemplar traits and behavior: Effects on message evaluation. Communication Research, v. 33, p. 3-18, 2006.
ANDSAGER, J. L.; WHITE, H. Allen. Self verus others: media, messages and the third-person effect. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007.
ARAUJO, G. F.; RIOS, R. Estratégias do Marketing Político Digital aplicadas à campanha presidencial de Barack Obama. In: XXXIII Congresso Nacional da Intercom, 2010, Caxias do Sul. Anais do XXXIII Congresso da Intercom, 2010.
BECHER, A.; BRAGA, S. Mecanismos de participação e deliberação on-line nas eleições de outubro de 2010 no Brasil. In: Seminário Nacional Sociologia & Política, 2011, Curitiba. Anais do Seminário Nacional Sociologia & Política, 2011.
BENNETT, W. L.; IYENGAR, S. A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication. The Journal of Communication, v. 58, n. 4, p. 707-731, 2008.
BERRY, K. Presidential Campaign Politics , Public Opinion and Twitter: How Tweet It Is. 2012. Dissertação (Mestrado em Public Policy) – The Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 2012.
BERTOT, J. C. et al. Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, v. 27, n. 3, p. 264-271, 2010.
CERVI, E. U.; MASSUCHIN, M. G. O uso do twitter nas eleições de 2010: o microblog nas campanhas dos principais candidatos ao governo do Paraná. Contemporânea, v.9, n.2, p. 319- 334, 2011.
CHADWICK, A.; HOWARD, P.N. Introduction: New directions in internet politics research. In: ______. Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics. Routledge: NY, 2009, p. 1-9.
CHUN, S.; WARNER, J. Finding information in an era of abundance: Towards a collaborative tagging environment in government. Information Polity, v. 15, n. 1-2, p.83-103, 2010.
COHEN, J. et al. Perceived Impact of defamation. An experiment on third-person effects. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 52, n. 2, p. 161-173, 1988.
CONNOR, B. O. et al. From Tweets to Polls : Linking Text Sentiment to Public Opinion Time Series. In: IV International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 2010, Washington. Anais do IV International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 2010.
CREMONESE, D. Redes Sociais e Política no Brasil: a utilização do Twitter nas eleições 2010. IV Congresso Latino Americano de Opinião Pública da WAPOR, 2011, Belo Horizonte. Anais do IV Congresso Latino Americano de Opinião Pública da WAPOR, 2011.
CRIGLER, A.N. Introduction: Making Sense of Politics; Constructing Political Messages and Meanings. In: CRIGLER, Ann N. The Psychology of Political Communication. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, 2001, p. 1-10.
PERLOFF, Richard. Third-person effect research – 1983-1992: A review and synthesis.
International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1993, v. 5, n. 2, p. 167-184.
PRICE, V.; STROUD, N. J. Public attitudes toward polls: evidence from the 2000 U.S. Presidential election. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, v. 18, n. 4, p. 393-421, 2005.
ROGERS, E. M.; BHOWMIK, D. K. Homophily-Heterophily: relational concepts for communication research. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 34, n. 4, p. 523-538, 1970.
ROJAS, H. “Corrective” Actions in the Public Sphere: How Perceptions of Media and Media Effects Shape Political Behaviors. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, v. 22, n. 3, p. 343-363, 2010.
ROSSETTO, G. P. N. et al. Twitter e comunicação política: limites e possibilidades. In: VIII Encontro da ABCP, 2012, Gramado. Anais do VIII Encontro da ABCP, 2012.
SALWEN, M.; DUPAGNE, M. The third-person effect: perceptions of the media’s influence and immoral consequences. Communication Research, v. 26, n. 5, p. 523-549, 1999.
SAYED, N. Towards the egyptian revolution : activists ’ perceptions of social media for mobilization. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, v. 4, n. 2+3, p. 273-298, 2011.
SCHARRER, Erica. Third-person perception and television violence: the role of out-group stereotyping in perceptions of susceptibility to effects. Communication Research, v. 29, n. 6, p. 681-704, 2002.
SCHMIERBACH, M. et al. Understanding Person Perceptions: Comparing Four Common Statistical Approaches to Third-Person Research. Mass Communication and Society, v. 11, n. 4, p. 492-513, 2008.
SCHIMITT-BECK, R. Political Communication Effects. The impact of mass media and personal conversations on voting. In: ESSER, F.; PFETSCH, B. Comparing political communication: theories, cases, and challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 293-322.
TUMASJAN, A. et al. Predicting Elections with Twitter: What 140 Characters Reveal about Political Sentiment. ICWSM, v. 10, p. 178-185, 2010.
TUFEKCI, Z.; WILSON, C. Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square. Journal of Communication, v. 62, p. 363-379, 2012.
WILLIAMS, C.; GULATI, G. What is a Social Network Worth? Facebook and Vote Share in the 2008 Presidential Primaries. In: Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, 2008.
WRIGHT, S. Politics as usual? Revolution, normalization and a new agenda for online deliberation. New Media & Society, 2012, v. 14, n. 2, p. 244-26.
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2018-06-30
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Rossetto, G. P. N. (2018). Fazendo política no Twitter: como os efeitos estimados das mensagens influenciam as ações e os usos da plataforma. Compolítica, 8(1), 97–122. https://doi.org/10.21878/compolitica.2018.8.1.141
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